Incidência, mortalidade e letalidade por COVID-19 em município de Minas Gerais (2020 ­2021) / Incidence, mortality and lethality by COVID-19 in a municipality of Minas Gerais(2020 ­2021) / Incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad por COVID-19 en un municipio de Minas Gerais (2020 ­2021)

Objetivo:identificar a incidência, mortalidade e letalidade porCOVID-19, bem como a taxa de ocupação de leitos de UTI em um município de médio porte populacional em Minas Gerais. Método:estudo ecológico e quantitativo. Utilizou-se boletins epidemiológicos do município investigado entre abril de 2020 e dezembro de 2021. As variáveis consideradas foram, casos mensais e acumulados, óbitos mensais segundo sexo e idade, taxas de incidência, mortalidade, letalidade, e taxa de ocupação de leitos de UTI. Resultados:foram registrados 6.882 casos e 157 óbitos. As taxas de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade foram de 13.183,37 casos/100 mil habitantes, 300,69 óbitos/100 mil habitantes e 2,28%, respectivamente. O maior percentual de óbitos foi no sexo masculino (57,96%) e na faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais (63,69%). A taxa de ocupação média mensal dos leitos de UTI permaneceu acima de 80% durante boa parte do primeiro semestre de 2021, chegando a ultrapassar 100% (junho de 2021).Conclusão:no período investigado, os indicadores epidemiológicos apontam a interiorização e gravidade da COVID-19.

Objective: to identify the incidence, mortality andlethality by COVID-19, as well as the occupancy rate of ICU beds, in a medium-sized city in Minas Gerais.Method:ecological and quantitative study. The epidemiological bulletins of the investigated municipality were used between April 2020 and December 2021. The variables considered were monthly and accumulated cases, monthly deaths according to sex and age, incidence rates, mortality, lethality, and occupancy rate of hospital beds ICU. Results: 6,882 cases and 157 deaths were recorded. The incidence, mortality and lethality rates were 13,183.37 cases/100 thousand inhabitants, 300.69 deaths/100 thousand inhabitants and 2.28%, respectively. The highest percentage of deaths was in males (57.96%) and in the age group of 60 years or older (63.69%). The averagemonthly occupancy rate of ICU beds remained above 80% for much of the first half of 2021, reaching over 100% (june 2021). Conclusion: in the investigated period, epidemiological indicators point to the interiorization and severity of COVID-19.

Objetivo: identificar la incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad por COVID-19, así como la tasa de ocupación de camas de UCI, en una ciudad de mediano porte de Minas Gerais. Método:estudio ecológico y cuantitativo. Se utilizaron los boletines epidemiológicos del municipio investigado entre abril de 2020 y diciembre de 2021. Las variables consideradas fueron casos mensuales y acumulados, defunciones mensuales según sexo y edad, tasas de incidencia, mortalidad, letalidad y tasa de ocupación de camas de UCI.Resultados:se registraron 6.882 casos y 157 defunciones. Las tasas de incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad fueron de 13.183,37 casos/100 mil habitantes, 300,69 defunciones/100 mil habitantes y 2,28%, respectivamente. El mayor porcentaje de defunciones fue en el sexo masculino (57,96%) y en el grupo de edad de 60 años o más (63,69%). La tasa de ocupación mensual promedio de las camas de UCI se mantuvo por encima del 80 % durante granparte del primer semestre de 2021, superando el 100 % (junio de 2021). Conclusión:en el período investigado, indicadores epidemiológicos apuntan a la interiorización y gravedad de la COVID-19.

O cuidado ao idoso com transtorno mental em uma instituição de longa permanência no Sudoeste de Minas Gerais: relatos de cuidadores e equipe de enfermagem / The care of the elderly with mental disorder in a long permanent institution in Southeast Minas Gerais: reports of caregivers and nursing staff

Objetivo: identificar o cuidado ao idoso institucionalizado com transtorno mental, as principais dificuldades e percepções da equipe diante do cuidado e de seu impacto na relação profissional-paciente. Métodos: estudo transversal e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. A amostra foi constituída de oito profissionais, entre membros da equipe de enfermagem e cuidadores de idosos, em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos de um município do sudoeste mineiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada na própria instituição, por meio de gravação das verbalizações (depoimentos) dos participantes, mediante roteiro padronizado de entrevista individual, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais para a caracterização da amostra, bem como três questões disparadoras concernentes ao objetivo do estudo. Para a interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica da análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: entre os entrevistados, houve predomínio de profissionais do sexo feminino, com nível médio de escolaridade e curto tempo de formação e de atuação em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Ao investigar o cuidado ao idoso com transtorno mental, evidenciaram-se duas categorias temáticas: lidando com as reações de agressividade do idoso e seu impacto no cuidado; despreparo/ insegurança do profissional e a falta de recursos. Conclusão: os achados reiteram a necessidade de capacitação de recursos humanos na área de Gerontologia, com ênfase em Saúde Mental, assim como a atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar junto aos idosos institucionalizados.

Objective: to identify the care for institutionalized elderly person with mental disorders, the main difficulties and perceptions of the team regarding the care and its impact on the professional-patient relationship. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The sample consisted of eight professionals, including members of the nursing team and elderly caregivers, in a long-term care institution for the elderly in a southwestern Minas Gerais municipality. Data collection was carried out in the institution itself, by recording participants' verbalizations (statements), through a standardized individual interview script, containing socio-demographic and professional variables to characterize the sample, as well as three triggering questions concerning the purpose of the study. For data interpretation, the technique of thematic content analysis was used. Results: among the interviewees, there was a predominance of female professionals, with a medium level of education and short time of training and working in long-term care institutions for the elderly. When investigating the care to the elderly with mental disorders, two thematic categories were highlighted: dealing with the aggressive reactions of the elderly and their impact in the care; unpreparedness / insecurity of the professional and the lack of resources. Conclusion: the findings reiterate the need for training human resources in the area of Gerontology, with emphasis on Mental Health, as well as the performance of a multidisciplinary team with institutionalized elderly.

Contribution of family social support to the metabolic control of people with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

AIM: This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the contribution of family social support to the clinical/metabolic control of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous care in order for individuals to reach glycemic control, the primordial goal of treatment. Family social support is essential to the development of care skills and their maintenance. However, there are few studies that investigate the contribution of family social support to diabetes control. METHODS: The study was developed between June 2011 and May 2013, and included 164 people who were randomized using simple randomization. The intervention group differed from the control group in that it included a family caregiver, who was recognized by the patient as a source of social support. The educational interventions received by people with diabetes mellitus were used as the basis of the education provided through telephone calls to patients' family members and caregivers, and their purpose was to encourage dialogue between the patients and their relatives about the topics related to diabetes. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical impact, the results showed that there was a greater reduction in blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin in the intervention group than in the control group, showing a positive effect on the control of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Families should be incorporated into the care of people with diabetes mellitus and especially in health care programs, in particular those that can promote different forms of social support to strengthen the bond between family members.

Adaptation and validation of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale to Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE:: to perform the cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Brazilian population sample. METHOD:: cross-sectional methodological study in which the adaptation and validation process included the stages recommended in the literature. Construct validity and reliability were assessed with 200 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS:: the items indicated by the panel of judges and by the target population were adjusted in the cultural adaptation to improve clarity and understanding. The instrument's four factors remained in the confirmatory factor analysis with factor loadings of items greater than 0.30, except for factor 4; convergent validity, verified by the multitrait-multimethod analysis, presented inter-item correlations from 0.37 to 0.92, while for discriminant validity, 100% of the items presented greater correlation in their own factors. Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the total scale was 0.78, ranging from 0.57 to 0.86 among factors. CONCLUSION:: semantic, cultural, conceptual and idiomatic equivalences were achieved and the instrument's Brazilian version also presented psychometric properties that showed evidence of reliability and validity. Thus, it can be applied both in clinical practice and research. Self-efficacy is useful for planning and assessing educational interventions, as well as predicting behavior modification in self-care.

Adaptation and validation of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale to Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação e validação da Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale para a língua portuguesa do Brasil / Adaptación y validación de la Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale para el idioma portugués de Brasil

Objective: to perform the cultural adaptation and validation of the Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Brazilian population sample. Method: cross-sectional methodological study in which the adaptation and validation process included the stages recommended in the literature. Construct validity and reliability were assessed with 200 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: the items indicated by the panel of judges and by the target population were adjusted in the cultural adaptation to improve clarity and understanding. The instrument's four factors remained in the confirmatory factor analysis with factor loadings of items greater than 0.30, except for factor 4; convergent validity, verified by the multitrait-multimethod analysis, presented inter-item correlations from 0.37 to 0.92, while for discriminant validity, 100% of the items presented greater correlation in their own factors. Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the total scale was 0.78, ranging from 0.57 to 0.86 among factors. Conclusion: semantic, cultural, conceptual and idiomatic equivalences were achieved and the instrument's Brazilian version also presented psychometric properties that showed evidence of reliability and validity. Thus, it can be applied both in clinical practice and research. Self-efficacy is useful for planning and assessing educational interventions, as well as predicting behavior modification in self-care.

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação cultural e validação da Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus para uma amostra populacional brasileira. Método: estudo metodológico transversal, cujo processo de adaptação e validação incluiu as etapas preconizadas pela literatura. A validade de construto e a confiabilidade foram avaliadas em 200 adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados: na adaptação cultural, foram ajustados itens indicados pelo Comitê de Juízes e pela população alvo, para maior clareza e compreensão. Na análise fatorial confirmatória manteve-se os quatro fatores, com cargas fatoriais dos itens superiores a 0,30, exceto para o fator 4; a análise multitraço-multimétodo mostrou para a validade convergente, correlações inter-itens de 0,37 a 0,92, e para a discriminante, que 100% dos itens obtiveram maior valor de correlação em seu próprio fator. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para a escala total foi de 0,78, com variação de 0,57 a 0,86 entre os fatores. Conclusão: as equivalências semântica, cultural, conceitual e idiomática foram mantidas, e as propriedades psicométricas mostraram evidências de confiabilidade e de validade da versão brasileira do instrumento, portanto, poderá ter aplicação clínica e em pesquisas. A autoeficácia é útil para planejar e avaliar intervenções educativas e predizer mudanças comportamentais para o cuidado.

Objetivo: realizar la adaptación cultural y validación de la Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus en una muestra poblacional brasileña. Método: estudio metodológico transversal, cuyo proceso de adaptación y validación incluyó las etapas preconizadas por la literatura. La validez de constructo y la confiabilidad fueron evaluadas en 200 adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados: para mayor clareza y comprensión, en la adaptación cultural fueron ajustados los ítems indicados por el Comité de Jueces y por la población objetivo. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se mantuvieron los cuatro factores, con cargas factoriales de los ítems superiores a 0,30, excepto para el factor 4; el análisis multirrasgo y multimétodo mostró para la validez convergente, correlaciones entre ítems de 0,37 a 0,92, y en el caso del discriminante que 100% de los ítems obtuvieron mayor valor de correlación en su propio factor. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para la escala total fue de 0,78, con variación de 0,57 a 0,86 entre los factores. Conclusión: las equivalencias semántica, cultural, conceptual e idiomática fueron mantenidas; las propiedades psicométricas mostraron evidencias de confiabilidad y de validez en la versión brasileña del instrumento; por tanto, la adaptación podrá tener aplicación en la clínica e investigaciones. La autoeficacia es útil para planificar y evaluar intervenciones educativas y predecir cambios comportamentales para el cuidado.